Se fino a questo momento la produzione di biocarburante era molto rallentata dai problemi legati alla carenza di cibo e all’inspiegabile stop che c’è stato sulla ricerca di combustibili non provenienti da generi alimentari, tutto questo problema potrebbe essere a breve risolto da una delle poche comunità di nativi americani rimasti accampati nel Nuovo Mondo.
Si tratta degli Ute, una popolazione indiana che vive nel Sud del Colorado, seduta su un’immensa riserva di carbone e gas naturale. Ma che possiede anche tante alghe. Le loro credenze gli impedivano di utilizzare come carburanti dei generi alimentari, quindi mais, colza e tutte le altre colture da cui si ricava il biocarburante erano scartate a priori. Le alghe però non sfamano nessuno, ed anzi, assorbono CO2. E allora quale migliore attività dell’allevarle e creare carburante?
Gli Ute ci hanno provato, e sfidando i grandi colossi dell’energia, si sono alleati con la Solix Biofuels, una compagnia fondata dal professor Bryan Wilson, che produce biocarburante dalle alghe. I fondi ed i territori forniti dagli indiani poi fanno il resto. Il funzionamento è semplice, e a spiegarcelo ci pensa Matthew J. Box, presidente della comunità:
le emissioni di diossido di carbonio prodotte dall’industria vengono riciclate per nutrire le alghe e l’eccesso di calore viene usato per riscaldare le vasche di coltura di notte e in inverno. Ad accelerare la crescita delle alghe e a diminuire i costi contribuisce poi il fatto che i fotobioreattori sorgano su un altipiano dove il sole splende 300 giorni l’anno e che le alghe vengano coltivate in contenitori di plastica chiusi e allineati verticalmente.
Oltre a non contrastare con le colture alimentari e a ridurre l’inquinamento, le alghe hanno anche un aspetto in più che le rende maggiormente attraenti rispetto alle altre materie prime: sono molto più efficienti. Ogni ettaro di alghe può produrre fino a 30.000 litri di carburante all’anno, contro i 220 della soia e i 75 del mais. L’unico ostacolo restano ancora i costi di produzione, piuttosto alti, ma visto che anche qui la concorrenza sta diventando agguerrita, si prospetta che potranno abbassarsi di molto in futuro.
Fonte: [Repubblica]
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