I primati sono un’ordine molto ampio, di cui fa parte, tra gli altri, anche l’uomo. I suoi rappresentanti sono miliardi, e le specie che si possono contare oggi sono 630. Peccato però che la metà di queste rischia di estinguersi nell’arco di pochi decenni.
A lanciare l’allarme è il Primate Specialist Group dell’Iucn, che indica il paradosso che vuole l’uomo come unico primate a continuare ad aumentare di numero, fino a raddoppiare i propri rappresentanti nel giro di poco più di un decennio, mentre tutte le altre specie vedono diminuire i propri esemplari, fino al rischio di sparizione definitiva per 300 di esse. Tra queste, ben 25 rischiano di diventare solo un ricordo in un lasso di tempo davvero breve.
Il motivo che ci ha spinto a stilare una classifica dei 25 primati maggiormente a rischio d’estinzione è quello di attirare l’attenzione della gente al problema e di far si che i governi si sentano stimolati a fare qualcosa per tentare di far sopravvivere queste specie così importanti per la biodiversità del nostro pianeta
ha spiegato il responsabile del gruppo dell’IUCN Russell Mittermeier. Cambiano le specie, ma i problemi restano sempre gli stessi. Come per le tigri, alcuni pesci e diversi mammiferi, la causa principale è la distruzione dell’habitat naturale di questi animali, di cui l’uomo, sempre più prepotentemente, continua ad appropriarsi.
Ma sotto accusa c’è anche la caccia illegale, sia per scopi medici (come per la medicina tradizionale cinese), sia per altri obiettivi come le pellicce o la carne. A questo si aggiunge anche l’esportazione illegale di specie protette, come il presbite dalla testa bianca, una specie di scimmia che vive nel nord-est del Vietnam, e che oggi non conta più di 60-70 individui, i quali sono stati dimezzati in soli 5 anni.
Stesso discorso anche per i lemuri di Madagascar, resi famosi dal film d’animazione della Pixar, o i gibboni di Hainan, di cui sono restati all’incirca un centinaio di rappresentanti. A tutto questo si aggiunge quello che in molti negano, e cioè il mutamento climatico. Il cambiamento delle condizioni meteo uccide gli esemplari più deboli, toglie nutrimento agli altri e costringe alla migrazione diverse specie. Ma non tutte hanno questa possibilità, e per questo rischiano di sparire.
Il motivo della denuncia è che, con maggiore attenzione da parte dei Governi, molte di queste specie possono essere salvate come, spiega Mittermeier, il leontocebo dalla groppa rossa, che 30 anni fa sembrava dato per spacciato, ma poi con le giuste precauzioni attuate in Brasile è stato salvato, ed oggi non è più in pericolo d’estinzione.
Fonte: [Repubblica]
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