Ogni tanto spunta il nome di un animale che, vuoi per la caccia, la pesca eccessiva, la deforestazione o il cambiamento climatico, rischia di sparire per sempre. Notizie brutte che non vorremmo mai darvi, ma che purtroppo balzano agli onori della cronaca di continuo. Oggi è la volta di uno dei simboli degli Stati Uniti: l’alce americano. Questo bellissimo mammifero vive nel Nord del Minnesota ed in pochissime altre zone fredde degli States, mentre altri esemplari “cugini” Alces alces vivono in Russia. Tutti sono legati da un problema comune: il loro numero è in calo da anni.
Per molto tempo si è creduto che questa riduzione degli esemplari fosse ascrivibile esclusivamente al bracconaggio o all’azione dei lupi, ma ora è stata notata una evidente correlazione, sul lungo termine, tra il crollo della popolazione delle alci americane ed il cambiamento climatico.
Secondo la relazione “Minnesota Moose” di Mark S. Lenarz ed Erika Butler, della Divisione del Minnesota Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, le alci cominciano ad andare in crisi ad una temperatura superiore ai 14° C in estate e -5° C in inverno. Essi aumentano il loro tasso metabolico quando superano queste soglie, nel tentativo di mantenere stabile la temperatura del corpo. Si spiegherebbe così l’enorme numero di esemplari trovati morti non in periodi di caccia, fuori dalle casistiche più comuni come collissioni con automobili, predazione, malattie, ecc., e che sono aumentati negli ultimi 50 anni fino a rappresentare circa il 61% dei casi.
Se l’innalzamento delle temperature fosse davvero la causa della diminuzione degli alci, il declino della popolazione nel Nord-Est del Paese rischia di accelerare ancor più rapidamente nei prossimi anni, concludono i ricercatori. Un fenomeno che in quelle aree si sta verificando sempre più spesso anche in altri animali come l’orso bruno, “confuso” dai periodi di caldo che lo fanno uscire dal letargo, ma che lo portano poi a riaddormentarsi quando ritorna improvviso il freddo con nevicate record, come sta accadendo negli ultimi mesi. Questi ed altri esemplari morti (apparentemente) in modo misterioso, potrebbero avere tutti lo stesso destino: sparire tra qualche decina di anni a causa dei cambiamenti climatici.
[Fonte: Trehugger]
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