La ricerca nel campo delle energie alternative sta compiendo notevoli passi avanti. Numerosi, infatti, sono i progetti e gli esperimenti messi in campo da scienziati di tutto il mondo nel settore del solare, dell’eolico ma anche di altre forme innovative di energia come la produzione di carburante ad opera di batteri o a partire da rifiuti organici e non.
L’ultima, in ordine di tempo, arriva dal Canada: produrre elettricità dal letame. Nell’Ontario un allevatore di mucche da latte, Laurie Stanton, ha deciso di limitare gli sprechi all’interno della sua fattoria utilizzando il letame prodotto dalle vacche per produrre energia.
L’idea in realtà non è nuova, già in diversi paesi il letame, insieme ad altri rifiuti, viene impiegato per la produzione di energia ma gli impianti e il processo di trasformazione sono il più delle volte primitivi. Questo soprattutto perchè gli impianti hanno un costo molto elevato e per risultare vantaggiosi necessitano di agricoltura ed allevamenti su larga scala. La fattoria di Laurie Stanton, con le sue 750 mucche, è la più grande per la produzione di latte in tutto il paese. Si calcola che ogni vacca produce letame che permette di ottenere una quantità di energia pari a quella prodotta da tre lampade da 50 watt costantemente accese. Il progetto di Laurie Stanton, che gode della collaborazione dell’University of Western Ontario’s Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternate Resources e del Ministry of Research and Innovation, è finanziato dal governo dell’Ontario per 5 milioni di dollari.
Il processo di trasformazione prevede una prima frase in cui il letame viene pulito e incanalato in una serie di tubi di scolo dove viene mischiato con altri rifiuti alimentari. Successivamente il composto viene riscaldato all’interno di un bollitore e sottoposto ad un processo di fermentazione dal quale viene ottenuto del gas metano. Il gas, risalendo in superficie si immette in un generatore dove viene bruciato per produrre energia. L’elettricità ottenuta viene utilizzata per alimentare l’intera fattoria, compreso l’impianto di trasformazione del letame, e la restante energia va ad alimentare il sistema elettrico del paese. Infine, i liquidi inutilizzati dal processo vengono impiegati come fertilizzanti mentre il matriale solido avanzante è utilizzato come lettiera per le mucche.
Si stima che se il progetto continuerà ad andare a buon fine la fattoria di Stanton produrrà circa 1,3 megawatts sufficiente ad alimentare 800 abitazioni.
CARDIN Agosto 13, 2008 il 10:42 am
Non capisco dove sia la notizia sensazionale.
In italia si usa “comunemente” e ci sono gia centinaia di aziende che sfruttano il letame per produrre energia elettrca, calore e raffrescamento.
Cerchiamo di non essere sempre esterofili.
Salutio
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