Piante carnivore, rimedi naturali contro formiche e zanzare

Le piante carnivore sono uno dei rimedi più naturali al mondo per combattere il proliferare degli insetti che possono essere nocivi per l’uomo, come ad esempio le zanzare e le formiche. Le piante insettivore crescono difatti in ambienti umidi e paludosi, habitat prediletto anche per le zanzare, ma alcune specie di piante si possono coltivare in giardino e in climi più miti, così come negli orti di casa, anche in Italia.

Nel nostro Paese vivono tre specie di piante insettivore della specie Drosera: la Dreosera rotundifolia, la D. anglica e la D. intermedia. La Drosera è una pianta carnivora con trappola a colla in cui il meccanismo di cattura degli insetti si basa sulle proprietà collose di una sostanza secreta da ghiandole presenti sulle foglie. Nella Drosera  rotundifolia queste ghiandole sono molto visibili e mobili.

E’ una pianta che raggiunge i 10-20 cm di altezza e fiorisce da aprile a settembre con fiori bianchi molto piccoli. Nelle foglie a forma d’uovo si trovano le ghiandole, dotate di lunghi tentacoli con peli di colore porpora che secernono gocce di liquido vischioso dove rimangono intrappolati gli insetti. La pianta, oltre ad essere un rimedio naturale contro le formiche e le zanzare, è utilizzata in fitoterapia come calmante della tosse per le sue proprietà espettoranti. Cresce principalmente sulle Alpi, in Liguria, Toscana ed Emilia Romagna. La Drosera anglica invece cresce con più dfficoltà nel nostro Paese, preferendo altitudini comprese tra 300 e 1.600 metri s.l.m. E’ molto rara e i pochi esemplari vivono sulle Alpi.

E’ una pianta erbacea perenne con piccoli fiori bianchi che fioriscono da giugno ad agosto e brevi foglie spatolate ricoperte da tentacoli rossastri. L’ultima pianta insettivora della specie Drosera diffusa in Italia, vive sulle Alpi, in Emilia Romagna e Toscana, preferendo aree umide e acquitrini, posti fino a 2.000 metri s.l.m. Nelle zone temperate durante il periodo invernale la D. intermedia va in stasi vegetativa, creando una protezione che la isola dal freddo detta hibernaculum; mentre la sua fioritura è compresa tra i mesi di giugno ed agosto.

[Fonti: Wikipedia; AIPCnet]

[Foto: Wikimedia Commons]

Rettifica: questo post è stato rettificato il giorno 11 ottobre 2012. Trovate qui i contenuti della rettifica, giunta dall’Associazione Italiana Piante Carnivore.

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