La popolazione degli scimpanzè dell’Africa occidentale è considerata ormai da tempo una specie in pericolo, che rischia l’estinzione. La percentuale di incremento nella decimazione di questi esemplari della Costa d’Avorio è davvero allarmante.
Secondo un recente studio effettuato dai ricercatori del Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology sembrerebbe, infatti, che gli scimpanzé siano diminuiti, in quest’area del continente nero, di circa il 90% negli ultimi vent’anni.
Questo significa che la popolazione è stata quasi totalmente annientata, passando dai 12.000 esemplari di un tempo ai 1.200 censiti attualmente.
I fattori principali di questo declino sono stati individuati dai ricercatori nell’aumento del fenomeno della deforestazione e nel bracconaggio.
Cià che rende particolarmente grave l’ultima drammatica analisi raccolta dagli studiosi è che la Costa d’Avorio veniva de sempre indicata e considerata come una delle ultime fortezze per questa specie (Pan troglodytes verus). Prima di questo studio, infatti, si stimava che a vivere nell’area fosse una popolazione di scimpanzè compresa tra gli 8.000 e i 12.000 esemplari. Questa stima si basava su un censimento effettuato nel 1989 e nel 1990.
Quando gli scienziati hanno effettuato l’ultimo censimento nel 2007 la sorpresa è stata decisamente amara, perchè non si aspettavano un simile disastro.
Secondo gli studiosi, per scongiurare i rischi di un’estinzione totale nell’area occorre prendere seri provvedimenti per proteggere la specie nelle riserve, combattendo più duramente il bracconaggio ed evitando che si disboschino senza ritegno le foreste in cui vivono gli scimpanzé. Molti esemplari sono infatti cacciati per la loro carne. Anche nelle foreste rimaste intatte il silenzio, dunque, è disarmante, sconfortante, innaturale. Non ci sono più scimpanzè. L’ennesimo segno del declino a cui l’uomo sta condannando decine di specie animali e vegetali.
Il precipitare degli eventi, con la scomparsa di centinaia di esemplari, è stato infatti correlato dagli esperti all’aumentata popolazione umana sul territorio, che ha intensificato il fenomeno della deforestazione e della caccia spietata.
Una speranza, però, c’è. Sembra, infatti, che nella riserva del Tai National Park, gli esemplari si siano meglio salvati dalla decimazione, che li ha colpiti più di striscio, anche se le guerre civili che insanguinano la zona dal 2002 sembrano non lasciare intatte nemmeno le zone protette e le riserve naturali.
I dettagli completi dello studio sono stati pubblicati sulla rivista Current Biology.
Nexso 19 Ottobre 2008 il 6:28 pm
Paola, non esiste una petizione da poter firmare in loro difesa?
C’è qualcosa che noi possiamo fare per loro?
Paola 19 Ottobre 2008 il 9:06 pm
indago ti faccio sapere al più presto 🙂
maria frassetti 7 Aprile 2010 il 10:32 pm
non credo che una petizione possa bloccare la corsa all’estinzione di questi forse nostri lontani cugini…bisogna risolvere urgentemente il problema della caccia selvaggia di uomini senza scrupoli, fermare la deforestazione…in modo veloce ed efficace…
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