Detersivi e solventi ecologici dagli agrumi di Sicilia

Olii essenziali estratti dagli agrumi di Sicilia per produrre solventi biologici da sostituire alle sostanze chimiche nelle vernici per dipingere e per le pareti, ma anche nei detersivi per la pulizia della casa e per fare il bucato. La scoperta è stata fatta da un gruppo di ragazze dell’Istituto tecnico industriale (Iti) Cannizzaro di Catania; potrebbe rivoluzionare il comparto industriale se immaginiamo in quanti prodotti necessitano di essere tinti prima di finire sugli scaffali dei supermercati e dei negozi di tutto il mondo, o lavati con detersivi che contengono solventi.

Tutti gli scettici che credono che nelle scuole del nostro Paese non si impara nulla, dovranno ricredersi dopo la scoperta fatta nei laboratori dell’Iti Cannizzari di Catania. Per ora la ricerca ha fatto vincere ai giovanissimi la medaglia di bronzo alla seconda edizione di INV Factor 2011, la competizione promossa da CNR-IRPPS per promuovere la ricerca scientifica tra i giovani studenti nelle scuole superiori, e ha destato l’interesse di alcune aziende del Nord Italia. Il procedimento di estrazione di olii essenziali dagli agrumi di Sicilia è stato coordinato dai professori Angela Percolla, Salvatore Consoli e Maria Palermo che hanno spiegato come le alunne Graziella Mita e Angela Finocchiaro, dopo aver lasciato macerare per una notte mezzo chilo di bucce di agrumi nell’acqua

Hanno proceduto a separare con un piccolo imbuto la parte grassa contenente gli olii essenziali e ad analizzarla al gascromatografo, che ha messo in evidenza come i terpeni, quali per esempio il limonene e il geraniolo, siano abbondantemente presenti.

L’innivazione non è nel procedimento, ma nella sua applicazione nell’industria dei solventi. Difatti, come ha aggiunto l’insegnante di Chimica, Angela Percolla

In chimica vale il detto che il simile scioglie il simile e questi olii essenziali apolari, non avendo cioè cariche sulla propria molecola, possono diluire le vernici che sono altrettanto apolari.

La sostituzione degli olii essenziali di agrumi nella produzione dei detersivi per il bucato, nelle vernici e nelle sostanze chimiche potrebbe ridurre lo smog fotochimico, le reazioni allergiche…i possibili utilizzi del solvente ecologico sono infiniti. Ma, come precisa la professoressa Percolla

L’unico inconveniente è che il costo della produzione è eccessivo: occorrono infatti 500 grammi di bucce per ottenere 2 milimetri di olio

Ma se pensiamo a quante tonnellate di arance finoscono al macero ogni anno in Sicilia, il costo del solvente non è poi così elevato.

[Fonti: Iti Cannizzaro; Il Corriere della Sera]

[Photo Credit | Thinkstock]

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