La nuova frontiera del biocarburante: il furano

Le alternative al petrolio per dare energia alle automobili al giorno d’oggi si sprecano. Idrogeno, etanolo, fotovoltaico, aria compressa, biocarburanti. E d’ora in poi ce ne sarà uno nuovo, il furano.

Inventato dai ricercatori americani Mark Mascal e Edward B. Nikitin dell’Università della California, il furano è considerato il combustibile del futuro, dato che non inquina, è a basso costo, ripulisce l’ambiente e proviene dalle piante. Qualsiasi pianta. Tutto comincia dal biossido di carbonio presente nell’aria. Esso viene assorbito dalle piante con la fotosintesi. Dopodichè si crea una particella di furano, composta da un atomo di ossigeno e quattro di carbonio. Facendo così si ottengono 5 chilometilfurani. A loro volta questi vengono combinati con l’etanolo per ottenere l’etoxymeltifurano che reagisce a sua volta con l’idrogeno, ottenendo così una sorta di diesel, già adocchiato dalla Shell. Con questo metodo, oltre a ripulire l’aria, si evita anche il problema legato alle culture di biocarburanti che sta affamando mezzo mondo, dato che questo processo avviene in tutte le piante della terra.

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